Eugene Victor Debs, by far the best known U.S. rail union leader, was born in Terre Haute, IN November 5, 1855. Eugene Debs, at center with flowers, who was serving a prison sentence for violating the Espionage Act, on the day he was notified of his nomination for the presidency on the socialist ticket by a. Юджин Дебс — одна из фигур, без которых невозможно представить историю не только американского, но и мирового профсоюзного движения.
Eugene Debs: When a prisoner ran for president
- Юджин В. Дебс — рыцарь борьбы за свободу
- The Cold War Is Over. It’s Time to Appreciate That Eugene Debs Was a Marxist.
- ДЕБС ЮДЖИН • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия
- Free Speech on Trial | National Archives
- Кандидат № 9653
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Офлейнер Тиа Чжун «JT-» Вэн решил подколоть саппорта OG Себастьяна «Ceb» Дебса перед очной встречей на ESL One Birmingham 2024 по Dota 2. Он предложил французу. Официальный сервер YouTube канала EugeneSagaz. | 11989 members. No one reading Eugene V. Debs: A Graphic Biography could doubt that authors Paul Buhle and Steve Max have accessibility in mind. Read stories listed under on Eugene Debs. Текст научной работы на тему «История злоключений Юджина Дебса или как американское правительство боролось с «Пятой колонной» в годы первой мировой войны».
Юджин В. Дебс — рыцарь борьбы за свободу
Labor Problems in America 1940. Between 1900 and 1916, Debs ran for president four times: once as the candidate for the Social Democratic Party in 1900; and then as the candidate for the Socialist Party of America in 1904, 1908, and 1912. Presidential Library. Woodrow Wilson, the victor of the election, would prove to be a tenacious antagonist to American socialists in the years to come. The Speech, Arrest, and Trial On June 16, 1918, while on his way to the Ohio state Socialist convention in Canton, Debs stopped to deliver a speech outside the Stark County Workhouse, where three local leaders of the Socialist Party were imprisoned for opposing the draft. Debs spent the following two hours speaking in front of a crowd of 1,200, which included plain clothes agents of the Justice Department , who circulated through the crowd demanding to inspect the draft cards of audience members. Writings and Speeches of Eugene V. Debs 1948. Supreme Court which had recently struck down a law against child labor , and generally called for the abolishment of capitalism in the United States and world as a whole.
The speech concluded without incident; Debs continued on to the state convention, and the audience dispersed and returned to their homes. Two weeks later, in Cleveland, Eugene Debs was arrested by U. I admit it. Gentlemen, I abhor war. United States, 249 U. Debs was convicted of violating the Espionage Act and sentenced to ten years in federal prison. He appealed the conviction to the Supreme Court of the United States, which heard arguments in 1919. Even though Debs did not directly instruct his audience to oppose the draft or obstruct recruitment into the military, the Court concluded that his expressions of sympathy and solidarity for those convicted of doing so amounted to obstruction because his audience could have inferred that they should engage in illegal activity from the tone of his speech.
The law made it illegal for a U. By the time he was imprisoned for sedition, Eugene Victor Debs had enjoyed a lifetime of running afoul of government authority. Born in 1855 into bourgeois comfort in Terre Haute, Indiana, he worked as a clerk and a grocer before joining the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen in 1875 and finding his vocation as an advocate for labor. Representing American socialism For the next 30 years, Debs was the face of socialism in America. He ran for president four times , in 1900, 1904, 1908 and 1912, garnering around a million votes in the last cycle. Both lost. On May 21, 1918, wary of a small but energized and eloquent anti-war movement, Wilson signed the Sedition Act into law.
Debs would not be muzzled. At his sentencing, he told the judge he would not retract a word of his speech even if it meant he would spend the rest of his life behind bars. After a brief stint in the West Virginia Federal Penitentiary, he was sent to serve out his sentence at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary.
Eugene V. In the crowd, estimated in size between 250 and more than 1,000, were several hundred socialists, sympathizers, and interested bystanders. But the crowd also included a number of individuals who were decidedly not sympathizers or well-wishers, and their presence did not bode well for the featured speaker that day. Enlarge A 14-year-old Eugene Debs seated, far left poses for a photograph with his fellow painters at the Vandalia Railroad in Terre Haute, Indiana, 1870. Debs Collection.
Of six children born to Daniel and Marguerite, Eugene was the oldest son. Theodore idolized his brother and later became his devoted assistant. By all accounts, Debs was a good student, but the excitement of working on the railroad was too much for the youngster to ignore.
Ultimately, Schlesinger saw Debs as a useful figure to make a broader argument about the place of the Left in progressive politics. Like Debs or so Schlesinger imagined , leftists should accept the basic justness of American democratic institutions, inhabiting a position of critical dissent that holds liberals to account without ever exercising real independent power. Debs was a democrat, but he was also a Marxist and an internationalist. He believed that working-class democracy was only possible if workers controlled the capital infrastructure they set into motion, operating it according to social principles entirely different from those of the profit-seeking capitalist market.
Anyone familiar with Debs lore knows that he probably encountered Marxist theory for the first while imprisoned for his leadership of the Pullman strike. But theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. While it helped workers exercise some control over their employment for instance, by regulating hiring and firing , it often collaborated with management to prevent strikes and spread a culture of workplace discipline. If this was true, capital and labor needed each other: capital would be idle without labor, and labor powerless without capital. There can be no such quarrel unless it is caused by deliberate piracy on one side and unreasonable demands on the other. After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company south of Chicago went on strike and sought out the ARU in a desperate plea for assistance, Debs and the union organized a sympathy boycott of Pullman cars around the country, refusing to hitch the luxury sleeping cars to trains or receive trains under Pullman control. Commerce radiating out of the Chicago metropolitan area ground to a halt, triggering a national crisis.
A coalition of railway owners conspired with the attorney general to issue a federal injunction against the strikers an unprecedented tactic that the Supreme Court only ruled legal after the fact , the Democratic administration called in the national guard against the strikers, and Debs was sent to jail. The episode showed Debs that when workers exercise control over both capital and their own labor at the industry-wide level, it is regarded as an overwhelming crisis, not the assertion of democratic bargaining rights. Without realizing it, the ARU was not striking for equal rights within a democratic state but at the core of capitalist power: its command of labor backed by the right to private property. Property and Freedom In his early years, Debs had accepted the sanctity of private property while insisting that labor had an equal right to shape how property was used. When Debs became a Marxist, he abandoned what is perhaps the cardinal myth of American nationalism: that private property and freedom are intimately connected.
OPINION: A day with Eugene Debs
Add to that the uniformly hostile media coverage, and Trump’s prospects of acquittal seem as dim as those faced by Debs in the wartime atmosphere of 1918. Май 21, 2013 0 Комментариев 24 мая в Петербурге пройдет презентация сборника статей легендарного деятеля рабочего и социалистического движения США Юджина Дебса. Not only is Sanders the obvious political successor to Debs, but the future of his candidacy may rest on the decision on Tuesday — the very anniversary of the final demise of Eugene Debs. In 1920, Socialist Eugene V. Debs ran for the Oval Office from the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, where he was known as "prisoner 9653," according to Smithsonian Magazine. A graphic biography about Eugene V. Debs, folk hero and presidential candidate, reminds us of a time when support for socialism was strong in places like Kansas, Oklahoma, and Ohio.
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OPINION: A day with Eugene Debs
Keep reading to learn more about the strange election of 1920, and the events that led up to it. Supreme Court Library , U. Statutes at Large , and the Law Journal Library. The Espionage Act [1] To punish acts of interference with the foreign relations, the neutrality, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage, and better to enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes. In effect, the Act served to criminalize anti-war and anti-capitalist beliefs and speech in the United States for the duration of the war. Militant labor activists, socialists, and anarchists were vehement opponents of the war from the start. However, there were also strong anti-war sentiments in the American mainstream as well. The song was an enormous success, with its recording by the Peerless Quartet selling over 650,000 copies. The Wilson Administration, which had long sought to bring the United States into the war, was deeply concerned with the popularity of anti-war media. In addition to amplifying pro-war messaging from the United Kingdom, they made moves to produce and distribute propaganda of their own.
Whereas anti-war propaganda often employed imagery of mothers protecting their children, pro-war propaganda likewise employed evocative and emotive images of women and children [5] Amanda Alexander, The Genesis of the Civilian, 20 LJIL 359 2007. In this famous poster advertising Liberty Bonds, the nation of Belgium is personified as a young girl in silhouette, dragged away by a German soldier, as a village burns in the background. Source: Wikipedia. Proponents of American entry into the war took more direct measures as well. The 250,000-member vigilante group, the American Protective League , [6] J. Thousands were arrested, and attacks on anti-war activists in the street were widespread. It was in this environment, in 1918, that Eugene Debs delivered a speech against the war in Canton, Ohio.
Дебс также пригласила президента железной дороги Генри К. Лорда писать статьи для журнала. Обобщая мысли Дебса в этот период,историк Дэвид А.
Шеннон писал: « desideratum Дебса было стремлением к миру и сотрудничеству между трудом и капиталом, но он ожидал, что руководство будет относиться к труду с уважением, честью и общественностью. Дебс постепенно убедился в необходимости более единого и конфронтационного подхода, поскольку железные дороги были мощной силой в экономике. Одним из факторов влияния было его участие в Берлингтонской железнодорожной забастовке 1888 года , поражениерабочих, которое убедило Дебса в необходимости организации по ремесленному принципу. Уйдя с поста Великого секретаря Братства в 1893 году, Дебс организовала один из первых промышленных союзов в США, Американский железнодорожный союз ARU , для неквалифицированных рабочих. Он был избран президентом ARU с его основания, вместе с другими железнодорожным профсоюзом Джорджем У. Ховардом в качестве первого вице-президента. Союз успешно нанес удар по Большой Севернойжелезной дороге в апреле 1894 года, выиграв ее требования. Пуллмен Страйк Удар Члены Американского национального объединения ARU противостоят войск национального гвардии Иллинойса в Чикаго во время Дебс восстание 1894 года В 1894 году Дебс участвовала в забастовке Пуллмана , которая возникла в результате спора о компенсации, начатого рабочими, строившими железнодорожные вагоны, изготовленные автомобилестроительной компанией PullmanPalace. Дебс пыталась убедить членов профсоюзов, которые работали на железных дорогах, в том, что бойкот слишком рискован; учитывая враждебность железных дорог и федерального правительства, слабость профсоюза и возможность того, что другиепрофсоюзы прекратят забастовку. Члены игнорировали предупреждения и отказывались обращаться с вагонами Pullman или любыми другими железнодорожными вагонами, прикрепленными к ним, включая автомобили с почтой США.
Эллиотт расширил забастовку в Сент-Луис, увеличив ее размер вдвое до 80 000 рабочих, Дебс уступила и решила принять участие в забастовке, которую теперь поддержали почти все члены ARU в непосредственной близости от города. Забастовщики боролись, объявив бойкот вагонам поездов Pullman, и под руководством Дебс в конечном итоге забастовка стала известна как «Восстание Дебс». Президент Гровер Кливленд , которого Дебс поддерживала во всех трех его президентских кампаниях, послал армию Соединенных Штатов для исполнения судебного запрета.
Забастовщики боролись, объявив бойкот вагонам поездов Pullman, и под руководством Дебс в конечном итоге забастовка стала известна как «Восстание Дебс».
Президент Гровер Кливленд , которого Дебс поддерживала во всех трех его президентских кампаниях, послал армию Соединенных Штатов для исполнения судебного запрета. Присутствие армии было достаточно, чтобы сломить удар. Всего в ходе забастовки было убито 30 забастовщиков, 13 из них в Чикаго, тысячи попали в черный список. Было повреждено имущество на сумму около 80 миллионов долларов.
Дебс представлял Кларенс Дэрроу , позже ведущий Американский юрист и гражданский либертарианец, ранее работавший ным юристом в железнодорожной компании. Хотя обычно считается, что Дэрроу «перешел на другую сторону», чтобы представить Дебс, миф, повторенный биографией Ирвинга Стоуна «Кларенс Дэрроу в защиту», на самом деле он ушел с железной дороги ранее, после смерти своего наставника Уильяма Гауди. В постановлении по делу Верховного суда , In re Debs позднее было подтверждено право федерального правительства издать судебный запрет. Пуллман Страйк Во время ареста Что касается почтовых препятствий, Дебс еще не была социалисткой.
Отбыв шестимесячный срок в тюрьме в Вудстоке, штат Иллинойс , Дебс и его товарищи из ARU постоянный поток писем, книг иброшюр по почте от социалистов со всей страны. Дебс вспоминал несколько лет спустя: Я начал читать, думать и анализировать анатомические системы, в которой рабочие, какими бы организованными они ни были, могли быть разбиты, разбиты и расколоты одним ударом. Мне рано понравились труды Беллами и Блатчфорда. Кооперативное содружество Гронлунда произвело на меня впечатление, но труды Каутского были ясны и убедительны, что я легко уловил не только его аргументы, нои дух его социалистических высказываний.
Кроме того, Дебс посетил в тюрьме редактор социалистической газеты Милуоки Виктор Л. Бергер , который, по словам Дебс, «пришел в Вудсток, словно орудие провидения, доставил первое страстное послание социализма, которое я когда-либо слышал». В его некрологе 1926 года в Time было сказано, что Бергер оставил ему копию Das Kapital , и «заключенная Дебс читала егомедленно, жадно, жадно».
After his release from prison, Debs was one of the most important figures in the American labor movement at the turn of the century. He was instrumental in founding the Socialist Party of America and was an early founding member of the radical trade union Industrial Workers of the World. Labor Problems in America 1940. Between 1900 and 1916, Debs ran for president four times: once as the candidate for the Social Democratic Party in 1900; and then as the candidate for the Socialist Party of America in 1904, 1908, and 1912. Presidential Library. Woodrow Wilson, the victor of the election, would prove to be a tenacious antagonist to American socialists in the years to come.
The Speech, Arrest, and Trial On June 16, 1918, while on his way to the Ohio state Socialist convention in Canton, Debs stopped to deliver a speech outside the Stark County Workhouse, where three local leaders of the Socialist Party were imprisoned for opposing the draft. Debs spent the following two hours speaking in front of a crowd of 1,200, which included plain clothes agents of the Justice Department , who circulated through the crowd demanding to inspect the draft cards of audience members. Writings and Speeches of Eugene V. Debs 1948. Supreme Court which had recently struck down a law against child labor , and generally called for the abolishment of capitalism in the United States and world as a whole. The speech concluded without incident; Debs continued on to the state convention, and the audience dispersed and returned to their homes. Two weeks later, in Cleveland, Eugene Debs was arrested by U. I admit it. Gentlemen, I abhor war.
United States, 249 U. Debs was convicted of violating the Espionage Act and sentenced to ten years in federal prison.
Can Trump Pull A Eugene Debs In 2024 After Indictment In Classified Documents Case?
Not only is Sanders the obvious political successor to Debs, but the future of his candidacy may rest on the decision on Tuesday — the very anniversary of the final demise of Eugene Debs. Владелец сайта предпочёл скрыть описание страницы. В 1904, 1908, 1912 и 1920 годы — Юджин Дебс выдвигается кандидатом от Социалистической партии Америки для участия в избирательной кампании на пост президента США. I'm not sure whether Donald Trump has ever heard of Eugene Debs, the austerely incorruptible early leader of America's Socialist Party. Eugene Debs made his famous anti-war speech protesting World War I which was raging in Europe. EUGENE VICTOR DEBS (1855-1926) was one of the greatest and most articulate advocates of workers’ power to have ever lived.
Free Speech on Trial
2023 Eugene V. Debs Award: Join us in honoring Lynne Fox. Bernie and Eugene Debs cadence and intonations are eerily similar but in the most comforting way. By Eugene DebsNovember 11, 2014 International Relations.
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When Debs became a Marxist, he abandoned what is perhaps the cardinal myth of American nationalism: that private property and freedom are intimately connected. In early America, the surest route to this kind of republican freedom was private ownership of land or small capital. With open access to private property, every settler would have an equal chance to acquire property and bargain with others, creating a nexus of voluntary agreements among free and equal partners. After his encounter with Marxism, Debs came to view the right to private property not as the basis of liberty, but a title to despotism. It consists in living labor serving accumulated labor as a means of maintaining and multiplying the exchange value of the latter. Under capitalism, the labor process that makes capital productive is designed so that the investment it represents returns a profit.
Eugene Debs c. The young Debs also intuited the right goal: labor should control capital, not the other way around. If labor really wanted to control capital in the general interests of society, workers needed to challenge the institution of private property outright. In capitalism, private property primarily protects domination, not liberty. Economic liberty would not be realized in the pursuit of individual advantage but through collective self-government: participating in democratically planned production and distribution according to need.
Dilemmas of Popular Sovereignty After his encounter with Marxism, Debs was adamant that capitalist society could never be made just. No justice was possible in a society where workers were robbed of the fruit of their labor in exchange for access to work, and where they were kept artificially poor amid rising abundance. Debs often discussed revolution as the realization of democracy, making its promise of popular sovereignty real. Debs often discussed revolution as the realization of democracy , making its promise of popular sovereignty real. But popular sovereignty is an easy ideal to abuse, making this supposed consensus too contradictory to be coherent.
Debs, the most impressive socialist in American history, whose conviction for sedition was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1919. In that speech, however, Debs explicitly refrained from recommending, let alone inciting, any antiwar activity. Later he added further eulogies and said that he was proud of them.
Espousing socialism invites controversy from every corner, but Debs was never afraid to speak out and did so at great personal cost. While I was at the Debs house I thought about Republican Senator and Voldemort lookalike Rick Scott , who recently said socialists and communists were not welcome in the state of Florida. He is an example to all socialists.
Faith in the people is crucial. It is ultimately the workers themselves who will bring about radical change. What we should take from Debs, each and every worker, is his courage, his willingness to struggle. Like Moses never saw the promised land, Debs never saw socialism — may he forgive me for the comparison. But I know we will get there eventually.
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Eugene V. Debs Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
For decades, many of Eugene Debs’s admirers have claimed that the socialist leader was a good, patriotic American unsullied by a foreign doctrine like Marxism. Eugene Victor Debs (1855–1926) was a radical American trade union leader and politician. Their leader Eugene Debs, who actually ran for President more often than Joe Biden, summed up his view of the world in saying. I'm not sure whether Donald Trump has ever heard of Eugene Debs, the austerely incorruptible early leader of America's Socialist Party. Eugene V. Debs garnered nearly a million votes as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1920 presidential election, despite campaigning from a federal prison.
Eugene Debs at Canton, Ohio
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The Untold Truth Of Eugene V. Debs
Instead, they obscure our path toward a just society at home and abroad. American Democracy vs. When Debs called out the absurdity of the wartime view that patriotism means dying overseas for capitalist profits while treason consists in defending workers everywhere, he showed us the proper response to nationalist ideology: not to try to hijack it for progressive ends, but to liberate us from its obfuscations. Through the ordinary electoral process, a liberal party could fulfill working-class demands by curbing the political power of business, defending democratic rights and freedoms, and guiding capitalist growth according to an inclusive sense of the public good. Most of all, Schlesinger sought to show that Marxism was as foreign to Debs as it was to America. Among the US left, he singled out Debs for praise because, in his view, Debs was always closer to liberal democratic Americanism than Marxist totalitarianism.
And as an inveterate democrat, Debs could never accept the revolutionary Marxist program of proletarian class rule, nor could he sacrifice immediate associational freedoms for the sake of historical progress, both of which threatened a totalitarian takeover of democratic institutions. Theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. Ultimately, Schlesinger saw Debs as a useful figure to make a broader argument about the place of the Left in progressive politics. Like Debs or so Schlesinger imagined , leftists should accept the basic justness of American democratic institutions, inhabiting a position of critical dissent that holds liberals to account without ever exercising real independent power. Debs was a democrat, but he was also a Marxist and an internationalist.
He believed that working-class democracy was only possible if workers controlled the capital infrastructure they set into motion, operating it according to social principles entirely different from those of the profit-seeking capitalist market. Anyone familiar with Debs lore knows that he probably encountered Marxist theory for the first while imprisoned for his leadership of the Pullman strike. But theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. While it helped workers exercise some control over their employment for instance, by regulating hiring and firing , it often collaborated with management to prevent strikes and spread a culture of workplace discipline. If this was true, capital and labor needed each other: capital would be idle without labor, and labor powerless without capital.
Print Eugene Debs speaking to a crowd in Canton, Ohio. In the Middle Ages when the feudal lords. But they themselves did not go to war any more than the modern feudal lords, the barons of Wall Street, go to war.
В соответствии с «Законом о шпионаже» — тем же самым реакционным законом, по которому будут судить Джулиана Ассанжа в случае его экстрадиции в Соединенные Штаты, — Дебс был приговорен к 10 годам тюремного заключения за антивоенную речь в Кантоне, штат Огайо, произнесенную им в июне 1918 года. Это был апогей государственной «охоты на ведьм» против социалистов и других левых, тех, кто выступал против вступления Америки в Первую мировую войну. Он начал отбывать срок в апреле 1919 года.
На выборах 1920 года Дебс баллотировался в президенты из тюрьмы и получил 919 799 голосов, что составляло более 3 процентов от общего числа участвовавших в голосовании. Как сообщала газета New York Times, что в тот момент, когда Дебс покидал тюрьму, «заключенные провожали его приветственным ревом.
Марк зачитал эту речь в рамках проекта «Голоса народной истории Соединённых Штатов» в церкви Всех Святых в Пасадене, Калифорния, 1 февраля 2007 года.